Everything about Shuja-ud-daula totally explained
Shuja-ud-Daula (b.
19 January1732, at the Mansion of
Dara Shikoh,
Delhi, d.
1775) was
Nawab of Awadh (Oudh). He is also known under the titles H.H. Wazir ul-Mamalik-i-
Hindustan, Shuja ud-Daula, Nawab Mirza Jalal ud-din Haidar Khan Bahadur, Nawab
Wazir of Oudh. The
Kingdom of Oudh was then a small principality formed during the decline of the
Mughal Empire after the death of
Aurangzeb. Though a minor royal, he's best known for his key roles in two definitive battles in Indian history - the
Third Battle of Panipat which ended Maratha domination of India, and the
Battle of Buxar that definitively established British domination.
The Third Battle of Panipat
Shuja's decision about whom to join as an ally in the
Third Battle of Panipat was one of the decisive factors that determined the outcome of the war as lack of food due to the Afghans cutting the supply lines of Marathas was one of the reasons that Marathas couldn't sustain the day long battle. Their forces were weak due to starvation and also fighting facing the sun.
Shuja was earlier not very sure about whose side should he take before the Third Battle of Panipat. Marathas were still further south then and it would have taken them considerable time to reach Shuja's province. Considering the risk he'd with upsetting Abdali with his huge army on his soil he took (albeit hesitatingly) the decision to join the Afghans and Najib (
Najib-ud-Daula). His mother was of the opinion that he should join the Marathas as they'd helped his father previously on numerous occasions. Eventually he was forced to join the Afghans (
Ahmad Shah Abdali) whose troops crossed the flooded Ganga river into his province.
The Battle of Buxar
Shuja is also known for his role in the
Battle of Buxar, a battle that was no less definite in Indian history. He along with the forces of
Shah Alam II and
Mir Qasim were defeated by the British forces in one of the key battles in the history of British rule in India.
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